{"id":44726,"date":"2026-02-23T06:18:23","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T03:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/homeland-news.net\/?p=44726"},"modified":"2026-02-23T22:27:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T19:27:07","slug":"%f0%9f%93%b0%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b9%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-61-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%b3-%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%88%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/homeland-news.net\/?p=44726","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udcf0\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 61 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u2026 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 ."},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 – \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u062d\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b:
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u061f\u061f<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

2011: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642\u2026 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2014\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 3 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a:
\n\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a 2019 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 ) \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2011 \u2026 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 2011\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b.
\n\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 .<\/p>\n

\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (2140) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a :-
\n\u2022 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015\u060c \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 .<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 .<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632
\n\u2022 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628
\n\u2022 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 ) \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639
\n\u2022 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n\u2022 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2011 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b .\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646: \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629:
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0646
\n\u2022 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646
\n\u2022 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 :
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 .
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 .<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 :
\n\u2022 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641
\n\u2022 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628
\n\u2022 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a
\n\u2022 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 .
\n\u2022 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 2011
\n\u2022 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n\u2022 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n

\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631:
\n\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627
\n\u2022 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631
\n\u2022 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2011 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u060c
\n\u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u060c\u060c\u060c<\/p>\n

\u2e3b<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcf0On the sidelines of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council in Geneva: There can be no sustainable peace in Yemen without comprehensive UN accountability that addresses regional backers before their local proxies.<\/p>\n

By Lawyer Mohammed Ali Alaw
\nPresident, Association Ma\u2019onah for Human Rights \u2013 New York<\/p>\n

If the international community, with all its mechanisms, is genuinely seeking a \u201csustainable political solution\u201d for Yemen, it must first answer a simpler\u2014and more uncomfortable\u2014question: Who brought down the Yemeni state in 2011, and who financed and supported the path of violence and terrorism that led to a full decade of war without accountability?<\/p>\n

Yemen\u2019s tragedy did not begin in 2014, nor solely with the Houthi takeover of Sana\u2019a. It effectively began in early 2011, when the country was pushed into a forced collapse of its constitutional order outside any stable legal framework. On Friday, June 3, 2011, Yemen\u2019s top political leadership was targeted in a terrorist attack that bombed the Presidential Mosque in Sana\u2019a during Friday prayers. That attack was a defining moment in Yemen\u2019s history\u2014not only because it sought to eliminate the head of state and key sovereign institutions, but because it introduced terrorism and armed political violence into the very core of the struggle for power.<\/p>\n

Despite the gravity of the crime\u2014condemned by the UN Security Council and the UN Human Rights Council as a heinous terrorist act\u2014domestic accountability remained paralyzed by political pressure and incapacity. In 2019, the file was reportedly closed through political arrangements among local actors and their regional backers, instead of being fully investigated and adjudicated. This early failure of accountability was not a marginal episode; it marked the first fracture in the very concept of the Yemeni state.<\/p>\n

Since 2011, the conflict in Yemen has not been purely internal. Competing regional agendas have supported different Yemeni actors in line with their respective interests. UN Security Council reports and the Panel of Experts under the 2140 sanctions regime have repeatedly referred to Iran\u2019s involvement, including military, technical, and logistical support to the Houthi movement, weapons transfers, and assistance to an armed group operating outside state authority. Under the principle of state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, providing military support with knowledge of its use in a conflict involving serious violations may entail international responsibility. In this context, Yemen has become a theater of regional proxy influence at the expense of its sovereignty and civilian lives.<\/p>\n

In March 2015, the Arab Coalition led by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia intervened militarily in Yemen at the request of the internationally recognized government. However, political legitimacy does not grant legal immunity from violations of international humanitarian law. The principles of distinction, proportionality, civilian protection, and the duty to investigate and provide reparations remain binding. UN and international reports have documented airstrikes with significant civilian impact, damage to civilian infrastructure, and concerns regarding the effectiveness of internal investigative mechanisms. Any failure to prevent or prosecute violations may engage international legal responsibility\u2014and potentially individual criminal responsibility\u2014regardless of official status.<\/p>\n

Beyond Iran and Coalition states, other regional actors\u2014both Gulf and non-Gulf\u2014have played political, financial, and media roles in supporting competing Yemeni factions since 2011. Even without direct military intervention, such involvement, where it contributes to the collapse of state institutions, prolongation of conflict, or grave violations, may amount to unlawful interference and could give rise to international responsibility under the UN Charter and international law.<\/p>\n

Today, the outcome is clear: local proxies execute, regional actors finance, the international community documents, and justice remains absent. Since the termination of the mandate of the Group of Eminent Experts in 2021, Yemen has effectively been left without an independent and comprehensive UN investigative mechanism\u2014despite similar mechanisms being established for Syria, Myanmar, and Ukraine. This unexplained exception reinforces perceptions of double standards and undermines the credibility of the international system.<\/p>\n

Any UN discourse on comprehensive and sustainable peace in Yemen that fails to address the 2011 Presidential Mosque attack and its aftermath, the armed Houthi coup, regional military interventions, terrorist crimes, and war crimes, amounts to a temporary political truce\u2014not genuine peace. Peace without accountability only reproduces violence, entrenches impunity, and leaves Yemen an open arena for regional confrontation.<\/p>\n

What Yemen urgently requires is not merely political negotiations, but the establishment of an independent and comprehensive UN accountability mechanism with a clear mandate to investigate terrorist crimes, war crimes, grave violations since 2011, the role of local actors, and the responsibility of regional supporting states\u2014similar to international mechanisms created for other conflicts.<\/p>\n

Yemen is not an exception in geopolitical terms, and it should not be an exception in international justice. Those who dismantled the Yemeni state in 2011, targeted its leadership, supported local proxies, intervened militarily, or failed to ensure accountability must all be subject to international accountability under the rule of law. Justice in Yemen is not revenge\u2014it is the indispensable foundation for a sustainable peace that prevents the recurrence of war, foreign interference, and violations of sovereignty, and guarantees that perpetrators and their backers do not escape impunity.<\/p>\n

#Yemen #HRC61 #HumanRightsCouncil #Accountability #InternationalLaw #NoImpunity #TransitionalJustice #UN #WarCrimes #SustainablePeace\u0631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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